生态河道治理是指在河道陆域控制线内，在满足防洪、排涝及引水等河道基本功能的基础上，通过人工修复措施促进河道水生态系统恢复，构建健康、完整、稳定的河道水生态系统的活动。

　　一、 综合性原则：河道生态治理应在保证河道防洪、排涝、引水等基本功能的前提下，充分考虑河流的生态功能、水质净化、生态景观等功能的需要，同时兼顾亲水活动的安全。

　　二、 协调性原则：体现河道及周边区域发展的特点，注重与沿线整体风貌相协调，河道生态景观与周边景观相协调。

　　三、 自然性原则：坚持恢复河道自然水生态系统环境，以自然修复为主，人工修复为辅，因地制宜、充分利用现状河道的形态、地形、水文等条件;物种的选择及配置宜以本土种为主，构建具有较强的自我维持及稳定的水生态系统。

　　四、 经济性原则：与经济、社会发展同步，因地制宜、节能高效;统筹前期建设与后期管护，尽可能降低前期建设成本和后期的养护费，实现河道生态治理的可持续性发展 。

　　步骤1 确定生态河道治理的目标当这一步完成时，应该描绘出一个总体的目的，或者是一个蓝图，勾勒出修复P站PROBURN中文版软件完成后河道是什么样的。这样一个可见的蓝图在生态河道治理过程中起着关键的指导作用。

　　步骤2 确定生态河道治理的利益相关者生态河道治理是流域管理的一部分。如前所述，河道有许多功能，需要根据河道功能，列出利益相关者，包括机构和公众。

　　步骤3 分析人类活动对河道功能的影响对河道未受干扰之前的现状进行描述，分析人类活动对河道生态系统和河道功能的影响。步骤4 识别河道的主要天然资产和主要问题生态河道治理也是保护和改善天然河道资产。资产就是河道已经具备的，并满足相应河道功能目标的那些良好条件。许多河道资产都受到河道问题的威胁，或已经退化。在这一步中，要识别出河道的主要资产、退化资产和存在的主要问题。

　　步骤5 确定生态河道治理的优先次序河道的生态治理涉及不同的河段、不同的功能。而每个功能受关注的程度、需要修复的时间又不尽相同，因此应该首先确定生态河道治理的优先次序。需要注意的是，修复P站PROBURN中文版软件不应该总是从受损*严重的河段着手, 有时候也需要从现存的**的河段开始。

　　步骤6 制定保护资产和改善河道的策略和措施确定优先河段后，列出保护和改善这些河段重要资产的所有方法。

　　步骤7 制定生态河道治理详细而可度量的目标对应于上一步到出的策略和措施，制定详细的、可以度量的目标。

　　步骤8分析目标的可行性上一步的目标是切实可行的吗?许多因索，如费用、政治、其他河道用户的反对等等。都将可能改变原已确定的优先权和侧重点。完成这一步后，要解决的问题才能*终决定。

　　步骤9 制定修复P站PROBURN中文版软件的详细计划在第6步中，已经确定了解决问题的初步方法，在这一步需要进行详细的设计。为了达到目标，需要做哪些具体的事情呢?可以什么也不做，可以进行规划控制，甚至改善或重建整个河道。

　　步骤10 设计修复P站PROBURN中文版软件的评估方案第7步中制定的可估量目标在此成为对P站PROBURN中文版软件进行评估的基础。需要注意的是，并不是所有的评估都一定要求很详细。

　　步骤11 组织修复P站PROBURN中文版软件的实施为保证修复P站PROBURN中文版软件的实施，需要制定时间进度表，进行明确的任务分派，落实资金来源，组织项目评估。

　　步骤12 实施修复P站PROBURN中文版软件只有实施了修复P站PROBURN中文版软件，才能使得对生态河道治理目标的蓝图变成现实(也可能没有实现预定的蓝图)。在这一步骤中，需要运用那些在评估规划中收集的资料对P站PROBURN中文版软件进行正式评估 。

　　一、 生态河道治理从适宜生物栖息的角度出发，全面考虑P站PROBURN中文版软件对水文、水深、流速、底质、河道形态、断面形式及材料等多方面生境因子的影响，构建适宜生物栖息及繁殖的生境条件。

　　二、 生态河道治理宜尽量保留河道天然的形态及断面，控制截弯取直，河道断面宽度及形式避免均一化、单一化。

　　三、 生态河道的护岸宜根据河道功能需要刚柔结合，因地制宜，护岸材料在满足强度要求的情况下，选取具有较好透水性、有利于水体交换，适宜动植物生长的生态亲和性较佳材料，优先选取当地天然材料。

　　四、 河道生态绿化在满足河道生态功能要求的前提下，宜尽量保留、利用河道两侧现有植被，合理配置不同习性的植物，营造植物群落结构及生态景观多样的植物带;植物宜选择土著种。

　　五、生态河道治理需对治理效果进行跟踪和评估，提出改进建议和措施 。

　　生态河道治理应该有四个尺度： 地区、流域、集水区、场所。

　　在集水区尺度上进行保护和恢复的步骤：

　　1) 归纳集水区特征。明确集水区那些对生态系统的功能和条件产生影响的主要自然、生物和社会过程要素。

　　2) 找出主要问题。明确与管理目标*相关的集水区要素，以及各种问题、社会价值和环境考虑。

　　3) 确定当前状况。收集与整理当前这些核心问题和重要生态系统要素的状况。

　　4) 描述参考条件。描述已知的或根据历史推断出的集水区景观，帮助PROUMB中国版了解集水区过去的状况。参考条件还可以帮助PROUMB中国版建立恢复和管理方案的目标。

　　5) 综合和阐述。综合和阐述以上四步收集的资料，确定生态系统过程之间的时空联系。

　　6) 建议。由以上四步的结果提出恢复管理的建议，流域分析提供的资料可以支持土地管理决策 。集水区保护和恢复还应该具备一些管理手段：教育和意识、合作和协调、检测和研究、规划和区分优先次序、资金和技术援助等。

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　　Ecological river regulation refers to the activities of promoting the restoration of river water ecosystem and building a healthy, complete and stable river water ecosystem through artificial restoration measures on the basis of meeting the basic functions of flood control, waterlogging drainage and water diversion within the River land control line.

　　1、 Comprehensive principle: on the premise of ensuring the basic functions of river flood control, drainage, water diversion and so on, the ecological management of river should fully consider the needs of river ecological functions, water purification, ecological landscape and other functions, while taking into account the safety of hydrophilic activities.

　　2、 Principle of coordination: reflect the characteristics of the development of the river and its surrounding areas, pay attention to the coordination with the overall style along the line, and coordinate the ecological landscape of the river with the surrounding landscape.

　　3、 The principle of naturalness: adhere to the restoration of the natural water ecosystem environment of the river, give priority to natural restoration, supplemented by artificial restoration, adjust measures to local conditions, and make full use of the morphology, topography, hydrology and other conditions of the current river; The selection and allocations of species should be based on native species to build a strong self-sustaining and stable aquatic ecosystem.

　　4、 Economic principle: keep pace with economic and social development, adjust measures to local conditions, save energy and be efficient; Plan the early construction and later management and protection, reduce the early construction cost and later maintenance fee as much as possible, and realize the sustainable development of river ecological governance.

　　Step 1 determine the goal of ecological river regulation. When this step is completed, an overall purpose or a blueprint should be drawn to outline what the river will be like after the restoration project is completed. Such a visible blueprint plays a key guiding role in the process of ecological river regulation.

　　Step 2 identify the stakeholders of ecological river training ecological river training is a part of watershed management. As mentioned earlier, the river has many functions, and stakeholders, including institutions and the public, need to be listed according to the function of the river.

　　Step 3 analyze the impact of human activities on river function, describe the current situation before the river is undisturbed, and analyze the impact of human activities on river ecosystem and river function. Step 4 identify the main natural assets and main problems of the river. Ecological river management is also to protect and improve natural river assets. Assets are those good conditions that the river channel already has and meets the corresponding functional objectives of the river channel. Many river assets are threatened by river problems or have degraded. In this step, the main assets, degraded assets and existing problems of the river should be identified.

　　Step 5 determine the priority of ecological river management. Ecological river management involves different river sections and different functions. The degree of attention and the time of restoration of each function are different, so the priority of ecological river management should be determined first. It should be noted that the restoration works should not always start from the most damaged river section, but sometimes from the best existing river section.

　　Step 6 develop strategies and measures to protect assets and improve river channels. After identifying priority river sections, list all methods to protect and improve important assets in these river sections.

　　Step 7 formulate detailed and measurable objectives for ecological river regulation, corresponding to the strategies and measures in the previous step, and formulate detailed and measurable objectives.

　　Step 8 analyze the feasibility of the goal. Is the goal of the previous step feasible? Many reasons, such as cost, politics, opposition of other river users, etc. Will likely change the priorities and priorities previously determined. After completing this step, the problem to be solved can be finally decided.

　　Step 9 formulate a detailed plan for the restoration project. In step 6, the preliminary method to solve the problem has been determined, and a detailed design is required in this step. What specific things need to be done to achieve the goal? Nothing can be done, planning and control can be carried out, and even the whole river channel can be improved or rebuilt.

　　Step 10 design the evalsuation scheme of the restoration project. The measurable objectives formulated in step 7 become the basis for the evalsuation of the project. It should be noted that not all assessments are necessarily detailed.

　　Step 11 organize the implementation of the restoration project in order to ensure the implementation of the restoration project, it is necessary to formulate a time schedule, carry out a clear task assignment, implement the source of funds, and organize project evalsuation.

　　Step 12 implement the restoration project. Only when the restoration project is implemented can the blueprint for the goal of ecological river regulation become a reality (or the predetermined blueprint may not be achieved). In this step, it is necessary to use the data collected in the evalsuation planning to formally evalsuate the project.

　　1、 From the perspective of suitable biological habitat, ecological river regulation comprehensively considers the impact of the project on many habitat factors such as hydrology, water depth, flow velocity, sediment, river morphology, section form and materials, and constructs habitat conditions suitable for biological habitat and reproduction.

　　2、 The natural shape and cross-section of the river should be preserved as much as possible for ecological river regulation, and the cut-off and straightening should be controlled. The width and form of the river cross-section should avoid homogenization and simplification.

　　3、 The revetment of ecological river should be rigid and flexible according to the functional needs of the river, and adjust measures to local conditions. Under the condition that the revetment materials meet the strength requirements, select materials with better water permeability, which are conducive to water exchange and suitable for the growth of animals and plants, and give priority to local natural materials.

　　4、 On the premise of meeting the ecological function requirements of the river, the existing vegetation on both sides of the river should be preserved and used as much as possible, and the plants with different habits should be reasonably configured to create a plant belt with diverse plant community structure and ecological landscape; Indigenous species should be selected for plants.

　　5、 Ecological river regulation needs to track and evalsuate the treatment effect, and put forward improvement suggestions and measures.

　　Ecological river management should have four scales: region, watershed, catchment area and place.

　　Steps for protection and restoration at the catchment scale:

　　1) Summarize the characteristics of the catchment area. Identify the main natural, biological and social process elements that affect the functions and conditions of the ecosystem in the catchment area.

　　2) Find out the main problems. Identify the catchment elements most relevant to the management objectives, as well as various issues, social values and environmental considerations.

　　3) Determine the current situation. Collect and sort out the current status of these core issues and important ecosystem elements.

　　4) Describe the reference conditions. Describe the known or inferred catchment landscape from history to help us understand the past situation of the catchment. Reference conditions can also help us establish the objectives of recovery and management programs.

　　5) Synthesis and elaboration. Synthesize and elaborate the data collected in the above four steps to determine the space-time relationship between ecosystem processes.

　　6) Recommendations. Based on the results of the above four steps, suggestions for restoration management are put forward, and the data provided by watershed analysis can support land management decisions. The protection and restoration of catchments should also have some management means: education and awareness, cooperation and coordination, testing and research, planning and prioritization, financial and technical assistance, etc.

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